Crytzer TM, Dicianno BE, Kapoor R. (2013) Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health-related Measures of Fitness in Adults With Spina Bifida: A Review of the Literature. PM R. 2013 Dec;5(12):1051-62.
Spina bifida (SB) is the most common birth defect in United States that results in permanent lifelong disability according to the Spina Bifida
Association. Advancements in medical care have led to a longer life
span and an increase in the risk of secondary conditions, for example,
obesity, with age. The need to maintain a healthy and active lifestyle
is even stronger in adults with SB than the general population. Our
objective was to fill a gap in the literature by highlighting the
current state of the literature on health-related measures of fitness,
exercise, and physical activity (PA) in adults with SB. PubMed and Ovid
were searched for articles by using the terms "spina bifida
or myelomeningocele and exercise," published between January 1, 1988
and May 10, 2012. Results of studies showed that adults with SB had an
inactive lifestyle, lower aerobic capacity, decreased level of daily PA,
higher prevalence of obesity, and lower health-related quality of life
compared with reference groups. Therapeutic interventions reduced pain,
increased biomechanical efficiency during wheelchair propulsion, and
improved PA and balance. Overall, the quality of the evidence on PA,
exercise, and health-related measures of fitness is low in SB. Given
misdistribution of adipose tissue, short stature, scoliosis, and joint
contractures, future research should be conducted to determine the most
reliable and low-cost methods of measuring body composition and to
establish norms. Other reference standards, for example, aerobic
capacity, require further development. Studies are needed to investigate
lifestyle interventions that facilitate PA and exercise, and to
determine the amount of exercise required to reduce secondary conditions
as people with SB age.
doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.06.010.
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