Edelstein K, Cirino PT, Hasher L, Fletcher JM, Dennis M. (2012) Sleep problems, chronotype, and diurnal preferences in children and adults with spina bifida. J Biol Rhythms. 2012 Apr;27(2):172-5.
Spina bifida meningomyelocele (SBM) is a neural tube defect that involves dysraphism of the spinal
 cord and extensive reorganization of the brain. The authors assessed 
the relationship between chronotype, diurnal preferences, and sleep 
problems in individuals with SBM and healthy controls. Although 
individuals with SBM showed the characteristic decelerating quadratic 
relationship between age and chronotype, the curve was displaced, 
peaking at a younger age in controls compared with SBM (23.4 vs. 29.2 
years). Groups did not differ in morningness-eveningness preferences. 
Individuals with SBM endorsed more sleep problems than controls. Further
 examination of the relationship between entrainment and sleep in SBM is
 warranted. 
doi: 10.1177/0748730411435209
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